Is PBT refusal the same as chemical test refusal in Rhode Island?

No. They are completely different statutes with vastly different consequences. PBT refusal under § 31-27-2.3 is a civil infraction with a $100 fine under § 31-41.1-4. Chemical test refusal under § 31-27-2.1 (administered at the police station after arrest) carries license suspension of 6 months to 5 years, fines of $200 to $1,000, $700 in mandatory assessments, community restitution, and - for a second or third breath or urine refusal within 10 years - a misdemeanor conviction with possible jail time.